1. What should I do if I receive a legal notice?

Read it carefully, note the deadline for replying, and gather all related documents. It is advisable to consult a lawyer before sending any response.

2. How do I file a police complaint in India?

You can visit the local police station and submit a written complaint. For serious offences, the police must register an FIR (First Information Report).

3. Can I be arrested without a warrant?

For certain serious offences (cognizable offences), police can arrest without a warrant. For minor offences (non-cognizable), a warrant is usually required.

4. How can I check the status of my court case online?

Most states have online case status portals. You can also use the eCourts website (https://ecourts.gov.in) to track cases by case number, party name, or FIR number.

5. What is the limitation period for filing a civil case?

The Limitation Act sets different time limits depending on the type of case. For example, a suit for recovery of money is usually 3 years from the date the payment was due.

6. Can I represent myself in court?

Yes, Indian law allows you to appear as a “party in person,” but legal proceedings can be complex, so many people choose to hire an advocate.

7. How can I protect myself from cheque bounce cases?

Ensure the account has sufficient funds before issuing a cheque. Keep proof of transactions and communication with the payee.

8. What is the difference between bailable and non-bailable offences?

Bailable offences allow you to get bail as a matter of right. In non-bailable offences, bail is granted at the court’s discretion.

9. Can I record a phone conversation for legal use?

Recording your own conversations is generally allowed, but sharing or misusing it may violate privacy laws.

10. How do I file a consumer complaint?

If you receive defective goods or poor services, you can file a complaint with the Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission online or in person.

11. What should I do if I lose important documents like a PAN card or property papers?

File a police complaint (FIR for theft or loss report), publish a notice in a local newspaper, and apply for duplicates from the issuing authority.

12. Can I get a copy of an FIR?

Yes, the police must give a free copy of the FIR to the complainant immediately after registration.

13. What is anticipatory bail?

It is a legal protection you can seek from the court to avoid arrest in anticipation of being accused of a non-bailable offence.

14. How do I make a will in India?

A will must be in writing, signed by you, and attested by at least two witnesses. Registration is optional but recommended.

15. Can tenants be evicted without notice?

No, landlords must follow proper legal procedures and give notice as per the rent agreement or applicable state laws.

16. How do I verify property ownership before buying?

Check the sale deed, encumbrance certificate, mutation records, and property tax receipts. A legal opinion is recommended before purchase.

17. What is the legal age for marriage in India?

For males, it is 21 years; for females, 18 years, as per the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act.

18. Can I refuse to sign documents at my workplace?

Yes, you should not sign any document unless you fully understand its contents. You may request time to review it.

19. How can I lodge an online police complaint?

Many states provide e-complaint portals and mobile apps. These are usually for non-emergency cases.

20. What is the process for name change in official records?

It involves making an affidavit, publishing the change in newspapers, and notifying the Gazette of India for official recording.

21. Who can claim money from a deceased person’s bank account?
If the account has a nominee, the bank will release the funds to them. If there is no nominee, the legal heirs must provide a succession certificate or legal heir certificate.

22. How can I apply for a succession certificate in India?
You need to file a petition in the district court where the deceased lived, providing details of legal heirs and the assets involved.

23. Can I withdraw money from my spouse’s account after their death?
Only if you are the nominee or joint account holder. Otherwise, you will need proper legal documentation.

24. What is the difference between a legal heir certificate and a succession certificate?
A legal heir certificate establishes the relationship of heirs to the deceased, while a succession certificate is issued by a court to claim movable assets like bank deposits.

25. How can I avoid legal disputes in property inheritance?
Make a registered will, update nominee details, and maintain clear property records.

26. Can I challenge a will in court?
Yes, if you believe the will was made under fraud, coercion, or undue influence, you can file a case in civil court.

27. What is the process for claiming insurance after a policyholder’s death?
Submit the claim form, death certificate, and policy documents to the insurer. If there’s no nominee, legal heir documents may be required.

28. How long does it take to get a succession certificate?
It usually takes 3–6 months, depending on the complexity and any objections from other heirs.

29. Can bank accounts be frozen after the account holder’s death?
Yes, accounts are frozen until legal heirs or nominees complete the claim process.

30. What is probate of a will?
Probate is a court process that validates the will and authorizes the executor to distribute the estate.

31. Do I need a lawyer to make a will?
Not necessarily, but a lawyer ensures the will is legally valid and reduces future disputes.

32. What happens if there is no will?
The estate is divided according to the personal laws applicable to the deceased’s religion.

33. Can siblings claim equal share in parents’ property?
Yes, in most cases all legal heirs (including sons and daughters) have equal rights unless stated otherwise in a will.

34. How can I check if I am a nominee in a bank account?
You can request the bank to confirm nominee details, but only the account holder can change them while alive.

35. What is a legal heir affidavit?
It is a sworn statement by heirs declaring their relationship to the deceased, used in claiming assets.

36. Can minors be legal heirs?
Yes, but their share will be managed by a guardian until they reach adulthood.

37. Is it mandatory to register a will in India?
No, but registration adds authenticity and makes it harder to challenge.

38. What is the role of an executor in a will?
The executor carries out the wishes of the deceased, manages the estate, and distributes assets.

39. Can a nominee override a will?
No, a nominee is only a caretaker of assets and must hand them over to the rightful heirs as per the will or succession laws.

40. How do I transfer property after the owner’s death?
You will need the death certificate, will or legal heir certificate, and apply for mutation in property records.

41. What is the difference between civil and criminal cases?
Civil cases involve disputes between individuals or organizations (like property or contract issues), while criminal cases involve offences against the state or society.

42. How long does it take for a court case to be decided in India?
It depends on the complexity of the case, court workload, and appeals. Some cases may finish in months, while others can take years.

43. Can I settle a legal dispute out of court?
Yes, through mediation, arbitration, or mutual settlement, many disputes can be resolved without going to trial.

44. What is a power of attorney (POA)?
It is a legal document giving someone the authority to act on your behalf for specific or general matters.

45. Can I cancel a registered power of attorney?
Yes, by executing a deed of revocation and notifying all concerned parties, including the registrar.

46. What is the difference between a notary and an advocate?
A notary public authenticates documents, while an advocate represents clients in legal matters and court proceedings.

47. Can I apply for bail online in India?
Some states allow e-filing for bail applications, but in most cases, you must file through the court in person or via a lawyer.

48. How can I protect my business legally?
Register your business, draft proper contracts, maintain compliance with laws, and protect intellectual property.

49. What is defamation under Indian law?
It is making false statements that harm someone’s reputation. It can be both a civil and criminal offence.

50. Can I file a case if someone owes me money but refuses to pay?
Yes, you can send a legal notice and, if unpaid, file a recovery suit within the limitation period.

51. What is the meaning of an FIR being “quashed”?
It means the High Court has cancelled the FIR, usually due to lack of evidence or settlement between parties.

52. Can police refuse to register my FIR?
For cognizable offences, police cannot refuse. If they do, you can approach higher officials or the Magistrate.

53. What is cybercrime, and where can I report it?
Cybercrime includes online fraud, hacking, cyberstalking, etc. You can report it at your local cybercrime police cell or via https://cybercrime.gov.in.

54. Can I get a copy of my court judgment?
Yes, you can obtain a certified copy from the court where your case was decided.

55. What is the difference between registration and stamp duty in property transactions?
Stamp duty is the tax paid to the government for the transaction, and registration is the legal recording of the document.

56. How can I register my marriage in India?
Apply to the local marriage registrar with required documents, photographs, and witnesses.

57. Can a tenant claim ownership of a rented property?
No, tenancy does not give ownership rights, except under certain adverse possession laws after long, uninterrupted occupation.

58. What is the process for filing a writ petition?
A writ petition can be filed in High Court or Supreme Court for violation of fundamental rights, using prescribed formats and affidavits.

59. Can police search my home without a warrant?
Yes, in certain urgent situations involving cognizable offences, but normally they require a search warrant.

60. What should I do if I am a victim of domestic violence?
You can file a complaint with the police, seek protection orders under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, and approach legal aid services.

61. What is anticipatory bail?
It is bail granted before a person is arrested, to protect them from possible arrest in a case.

62. Can I register property in a minor’s name?
Yes, but a guardian will manage it until the minor turns 18.

63. What is the limitation period in law?
It is the maximum time allowed to file a case after a cause of action arises, as per the Limitation Act.

64. Can I file a case without a lawyer?
Yes, you can represent yourself, but having a lawyer ensures proper legal representation.

65. What is the role of a public prosecutor?
They represent the state in criminal cases and conduct prosecutions on behalf of the government.

66. What is the meaning of “case dismissed”?
It means the court has rejected the case, either due to lack of evidence or legal reasons.

67. Can a divorced woman claim maintenance?
Yes, under certain laws, if she cannot support herself financially.

68. What is an affidavit?
It is a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in court.

69. Can property be sold without the owner’s consent?
No, selling without the legal owner’s permission is illegal.

70. What is an ex parte order?
It is an order passed by the court without hearing the other side, usually when they fail to appear.

71. Can police call me for questioning without an FIR?
Yes, they can call for inquiry, but you are not bound to answer beyond legal requirements.

72. What is the difference between a summons and a warrant?
A summons asks you to appear in court, while a warrant authorizes police to arrest you.

73. How can I check my case status online?
Visit ecourts.gov.in and enter your case details.

74. Can I make a Will without a lawyer?
Yes, but it should be clear, signed, and attested by witnesses to avoid disputes.

75. What is contempt of court?
Disrespecting or disobeying court orders, which can attract fines or imprisonment.

76. Can I get legal aid if I can’t afford a lawyer?
Yes, free legal aid is available through Legal Services Authorities in every district.

77. What is a stay order?
It is a court order that temporarily stops a legal proceeding or action.

78. Can a foreigner buy property in India?
Only NRIs and OCI holders can buy property, subject to certain rules.

79. How do I legally evict a tenant?
By sending a legal notice and filing an eviction suit as per tenancy laws.

80. What is the role of mediation in disputes?
It helps parties settle disputes amicably without lengthy court proceedings.

81. What is the meaning of FIR?
First Information Report, a written document by police after receiving information about a crime.

82. Can police arrest without a warrant?
Yes, in certain serious cases, but they must follow legal procedure.

83. What is a charge sheet?
A document filed by police detailing the evidence against the accused.

84. Can I withdraw a court case after filing?
Yes, but only with court permission.

85. What is the difference between civil and criminal cases?
Civil cases involve disputes over rights or money, criminal cases deal with offences against the law.

86. What is a decree in a civil case?
It is the formal order of the court deciding the rights of parties.

87. Can a person be punished twice for the same offence?
No, under the rule of “double jeopardy” in law.

88. What is a bailable offence?
An offence where bail is a legal right.

89. What is a non-bailable offence?
An offence where bail is granted only at the court’s discretion.

90. Can I approach High Court directly?
Yes, in certain cases like writ petitions, appeals, or urgent matters.

91. What is a writ petition?
A legal request to protect fundamental rights against unlawful action.

92. Can a husband and wife live separately without divorce?
Yes, they can live apart legally without ending the marriage.

93. What is a legal heir certificate?
A document proving who the legal heirs of a deceased person are.

94. How is a legal notice sent?
Through a lawyer, usually by registered post or courier.

95. Can a settlement be recorded in court?
Yes, and it becomes binding on both parties.

96. What is a power of attorney?
A legal document authorizing someone to act on your behalf.

97. Can property be transferred without paying stamp duty?
No, stamp duty is mandatory for legal transfer of property.

98. What is the role of a notary public?
To authenticate documents and verify signatures legally.

99. How to prove ownership of property?
Through registered sale deed, property tax receipts, and other legal documents.

100. What is the difference between registered and unregistered Will?
A registered Will has more legal authenticity, but even an unregistered Will can be valid if properly made.

101. Can I file a writ petition in High Court without a lawyer?
👉 Yes. You can appear as Party-in-Person and file your writ petition directly without hiring a lawyer.

102. Can a writ petition be filed online in Punjab & Haryana High Court?
👉 Yes. The High Court provides e-filing services through its official website phhc.gov.in. You can upload your petition, annexures, and affidavit online.

103. Can I send a writ petition by post?
👉 Yes. You can send your writ petition with annexures and affidavit to the Filing Section, Punjab & Haryana High Court, Chandigarh. The Court will process it if all documents are complete.

104. How much is the fee for filing a writ petition?
👉 Usually, the court fee is nominal (₹25/- only). For urgent matters, there may be an additional cost for certified copies or process fees.

105. What documents are required to file a writ petition?
👉 You need:

• Main petition (typed and signed)

• Affidavit on ₹10/- stamp paper (attested by Notary)

• Supporting documents (orders, notices, IDs)

• Court fee stamps

• Copies for Court and Respondents

106. What if I cannot afford even the court fee or expenses?
👉 You can apply for Free Legal Aid through the Punjab & Haryana High Court Legal Services Committee. If eligible, the Court will provide a lawyer free of cost.

107. How will I know the status of my writ petition?
👉 After filing, you will receive a filing number or case number. You can track the status online at phhc.gov.in under the “Case Status” section.

108. Can a writ petition be filed in Hindi or Punjabi?
👉 Generally, petitions are filed in English in High Courts. However, annexures/documents in Hindi or Punjabi are acceptable with proper translation if required.

109. How much time does it take for a writ petition to be heard?
👉 After filing, if the petition is complete, it is listed before a Judge in a few days to weeks, depending on urgency and Court workload.

110. Do I need to personally appear in Court if I file by post or online?
👉 Yes, unless you have applied for exemption. As Party-in-Person, you must appear during hearings unless the Court directs otherwise.

✅ Disclaimer: This FAQ is for general information only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws may change, and procedures may vary by state. For specific legal issues, consult a qualified advocate.